DONATE LIFE TO HIGHMARK...RITA REVOLUTION...LE-JIT BELLEVUE DELIVERY JITNEY 15202...Text 412-313-3080...PITTSBURGH 1986 CADILLAC TO/FROM CASINO, WHEREVER...BA Cut Above The Rest Allegheny General Hospital-Suburban Campus Allstate Insurance Company Ankle & Foot Care Antique Mall/Ohio River Arby's Around the Bend Books Ashland Valvoline Assumption Church - Roman Catholic Assumption Catholic School Avalon Elementary School Avalon Lodge #657 BAJ Tobacco Outlet Barnes Tax Associates, LLC Bean Thru Bellevue Avalon Baseball Association Bellevue Avalon Girls Athletic Association Bellevue Borough Bellevue Borough Real Estate Tax Office Bellevue Beer Bellevue Business Center, LLC Bellevue Chiropractic Centre Bellevue Christian Church Bellevue Dental Associates, PC Bellevue Diner Bellevue Dog Woods Association Bellevue Elementary School Bellevue High School Reunion Bellevue Memorial Park Bellevue Motor Service Company Bellevue Pediatrics Associates Bellevue Speedwash Bellevue Tobacco Bellevue United Presbyterian Church Bellevue Volunteer Fire Company 108 Bellevue Vision Co Thomas Berezansky, DDS Berry Quool Boulevard Generator Service Boy Scouts of America - Cub Scout Pack 257 Brighton Service China Sea The Citizen Citizens Bank Classic Chevrolet Classic Chevrolet - pre-owned The Clock Works Co-Go's Coins R Us Colaizzi Pedorthic Center Community Care Plus Costcutters Family Hair Care Cricket - Bellevue Wireless Curves of Bellevue CVS Pharmacy Dairy Queen of Bellevue Dance America Dari-Villa Restaurant John B DeBonis Family Dentistry Joseph G DeFrancesco, DMD Domenic S. DeFrank, DMD LLC Leonard A. DeJulio, Esquire Dean Smith's DOJO Discount Tire Center Dojo Nails Dollar General Economy Auto/Transmission Service Emanuel's Evangelical Lutheran Church Enjoy Bellevue Ephesus Mediterranean Erin's Hallmark Esthetica Salon Family Dollar First Niagara Bank Samuel S Floro, Esquire Fodi Jewelers, Inc Forest Avenue Presbyterian Church Frankfurter's Hot Dog Shoppe Fred Dietz Floral, Gifts and Antiques David Gillingham Girl Scouts Western Pennsylvania Gold Star Construction USA, Inc. Greenstone United Methodist Church Guys and Dolls H&R Block Stephanie R. Hager, Esquire Hair Express Styling Center John A Hermann, Jr Memorial Art Museum Holy Family Friary Hussaini Medical Associates Hussar Photography" I Love The Beautiful View" Jackson-Hewitt Tax Service James Trunzo Collision Shop James V Jordan, Attorney at Law Jatco Machine & Tool Co., Inc. Jesse The Tailor Jim's Hidden Treasures Joe's Rusty Nail Restaurant Johnston Self Storage Joyce's Antique Emporium of Bellevue (Antiques & Uniques) Just Playin Norman J. Kasunich, D.C., D.A.C.B.S.P. Keystone Rehabilitation Systems KFC Klauscher Architects Knights of Columbus Council #1400 Jonathon Kohler, DDS P.C. Kuhn's Market Last Call Entertainment Lathen Martial Arts Leff-Marvins Cleaners Liberty Tax Service LifeCare Hospitals of Pittsburgh Li'l Tykes Day Care Center Lincoln Bakery Lincoln Barber Shop Lincoln Laundromat and More Lincoln Self-Storage Luigi's Pizzeria & RistoranteLutheran Service Society of Western PA Magisterial District Court 05-2-01 The Man Cave Mane Attractions Unlimited McDonald's of Bellevue McGrath & Associates McMonigle, Vesely & Perego, PC Micucci Family Dentistry Lawrence T. Miller Funeral Home, Inc. Kimberle I. Monda, DMD Mount Assisi Academy PreschoolMount Zion Baptist Church Mt Assisi Convent Mt Nazareth Center Muddy Cup Coffee House Lisa M. Nath, M.D. Never-Rust Inc. New Life Community Church North Boroughs/Sewickley Area Meals on Wheels North Boroughs YMCA North Hills Community Outreach North Suburban Chamber of Commerce Northgate Avalon Head Start (ages 3-5) Northgate Bellevue Head Start (ages 3-5) Northgate Middle/Senior High School Northgate Pre-K Counts (ages 3-5) Northgate School District Northwest Savings Bank Optometric Care, Inc Oscar's LTD Corporate Gifts PA 16th Legislative District Patti's Styling Salon Peer Support & Advocacy Network Phil's Radio and Television Service JC Pierce LLC Pizza Bomonti Pizza Hut Pizza Milano Market Pittsburgh Regional Chiropractic Center Pittsburgh Valve and Fitting PJ's Smoke Shop Plank Eye Board Shop PNC Bank Donald H Presutti, Esquire Produce Plus Market & Deli, Inc. Quest Diagnostics QUI Interiors Randa Auto Sales R&B's Pizza Red Clay Tile Works Reed, Graham, Morello Medical Associates Rehabilitation Specialists Rent-A-Center Rite Aid Pharmacy Russ Auto Care 7 Days Convenience SeniorNet Seubert Associates Shadeland Beer Distributor Sheerer Automotive Shell Oil -Pit Stop Express The Shepherd's Door Sky's Corner Stan's Variety Star Nails State Farm Insurance Station Auto Parts Summers Tanning Salon Sunoco aka The Atlantic Refining and Marketing Corp Sweetwater Personnel T & M Hardware and Rental Thai Suan Thip Three Rivers Law Today's Lottery Town and Country Drycleaners Trend Hair Fashions Trinity Evangelical Lutheran Church Uncle Chen Chinese Restaurant US Gas US Post Office - Bellevue Branch Vested in the Community Wang Na Wes Banco West View Savings Bank "Xtraordinary Things Happen When You Smile" Yoga on Fremont Young Brothers Tae Kwon Do Peter J Zikos Insurance Agency, LLC BRIGHTON HEIGHTS WEST VIEW PLAZA MCDONALDS EAT'N PARK RUSTY NAIL HOME DEPOT STATE STORE BASEBALL PITTBIRD THREE RIVERS CASINO FOOTBALL PNC PARK HEINZ FIELD CONSOL ENERGY CENTER CADDY DOLLAR GENERAL BELLEVUE POLICE DEPARTMENT PD FAMILY DOLLAR AVALON BEN AVON EMSWORTH WOODS RUN GIANT EAGLE KUHN'S LINCOLN AVENUE BUSINESS DISTRICT GROCERY SHOPPING KMART WALMART BELLEVUE POLICE DEPARTMENT PD P.D. PAPA JOHNS PIZZA BOMONTE MILANO'S EUPHESUS CHINA SEA RUSTY NAIL BELLEVUE ELEMENTARY NORTHGATE HIGH SCHOOL FIRE RESTAURANT GROCERIES DRUG STORE CLEANERS RED WHITE AND BLUE THRIFT STORE CHURCH SERVICE SUNDAY SCHOOL FAST FOOD DELIVERY Petitioning Dr. Maria Simbra of KDKA Pittsburgh2 This petition will be delivered to: Dr. Maria Simbra of KDKA Pittsburgh Publicly tell the World, on the Internet and TV, whether AHN murders healthy patients for organs, via fabricated diagnosis, fraudulent life-support, torture thereby, and Morphine overdose. Ed McWhirter Pittsburgh, PA Perhaps 20,000 pages of Rita Joanne Conley's medical records are withheld from family, which prove Rita was murdered by WPAHS, in the stated manner, from 2/01/2011 until 9/10/2011, detailing the worst-case murder-for-organs scenario. Dr. Karl E. Williams, MD, MPH Cyril H Harrison Wecht Chief Medical Examiner Dr. Karl E. Williams, MD, MPH, was appointed Medical Examiner of Allegheny County in January of 2007. Originally trained in Forensic Pathology here in Allegheny County, he has over 20 years of expertise consulting on forensic cases and managing forensic laboratory staff. Dr. Williams graduated from the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine in 1974. He completed his residency training in Anatomic and Clinical Pathology at Allegheny General and Shadyside Hospitals. He served as a Staff Pathologist at the Allegheny County Coroner’s Office from 1983 to 1985. From 1986 to 2006, Dr. Williams was the Director of Laboratories with the Ellwood City Hospital in Ellwood, Pennsylvania, while working as Consulting Forensic Pathologist to several of the elected lay coroners of surrounding counties. In 2005 he earned a Masters in Occupational and Environmental Medicine from the University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health. Cyril Harrison Wecht (born March 20, 1931) is an American forensic pathologist. He has been a consultant in numerous high-profile cases, but is perhaps best known for his criticism of the Warren Commission's findings concerning the assassination of John F. Kennedy. He has been the president of both the American Academy of Forensic Science and the American College of Legal Medicine, and currently heads the board of trustees of the American Board of Legal Medicine. He served as County Commissioner and Allegheny County Coroner & Medical Examiner serving metro Pittsburgh. Cyril H. Wecht and Pathology Associates 2.1.1 JFK assassination 2.1.2 Investigation into the death of Daniel Smith 2.2 The Cyril H. Wecht Institute of Forensic Science and Law Political career 3.1 Early years (1965-1985) Later years (1995-2006) Court cases 4.1 Allegheny County criminal trial (1979-1981) This section of a biography of a living person does not include any references or sources. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living people that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately. (December 2010) FUKDKA AND DAVID J. HICKTON F.U.K.D.K.A. RITAREVOLUTION BLACKANGOLD FU KDKA Wecht was born to Jewish immigrant parents in a tiny mining village in Dunkard Township, Pennsylvania called Bobtown. His father, Nathan Wecht, was a Lithuanian born storekeeper; his Ukrainian born mother Fannie Rubenstein was a homemaker and helped out in the store. When Wecht was young, Nathan moved the family to the Hill District neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and opened a neighborhood grocery store. He attended and graduated from the now closed Fifth Avenue High School in Pittsburgh.[10] Wecht had musical leanings and was concertmaster of the University of Pittsburgh Orchestra[11] during his undergraduate years. He earned a B.S. from the University of Pittsburgh in 1952, an M.D. degree from the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine in 1956, an LL.B. from the University of Pittsburgh School of Law in 1962,[12] and a J.D. degree from the University of Maryland School of Law.[citation needed] After serving in the United States Air Force, he became a forensic pathologist. He served on the staff of St. Francis Hospital in Pittsburgh before becoming Deputy Coroner of Allegheny County in 1965. Four years later he was elected coroner. Wecht served as coroner from 1970 to 1980, and again from 1996 to 2006.[citation needed] Forensics career[edit] Cyril, obviously, is a national figure, international figure, in many ways so we’re lucky to have someone of his stature here in Allegheny County. Rich Fitzgerald[13] Wecht became famous appearing on television and consulting on deaths with a high media profile. Some of the cases include; Robert F. Kennedy, Sharon Tate, Brian Jones, The Symbionese Liberation Army shootout, John F. Kennedy, The Legionnaires’ Disease panic, Elvis Presley, JonBenét Ramsey, Dr. Herman Tarnower (the Scarsdale diet guru), Danielle van Dam, Sunny von Bülow, the Branch Davidian incident, Vincent Foster, Laci Peterson and most recently Daniel and Anna Nicole Smith. During his career, Wecht performed more than 14,000 autopsies. He is a clinical professor at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and an adjunct professor of law at Duquesne University. Wecht is both outspoken and controversial. In 1979, Wecht examined Elvis Presley's medical records for 20/20 and disputed earlier autopsy results suggesting Presley may have had cardiovascular disease. Wecht argued Presley died from a lethal drug cocktail overdose.[14] In his book Who Killed JonBenet Ramsey?, he argues that the death was likely an accidental result of a sex "game" committed by her father.[14] Cyril H. Wecht and Pathology Associates[edit] This section of a biography of a living person does not include any references or sources. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living people that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately. (December 2010) Since 1962, Wecht has had a private practice. He has served as a medical-legal and forensic pathology consultant in both civil and criminal cases. Wecht is consulted by both plaintiffs' and defense attorneys in civil cases, and by both prosecutors and defense attorneys in criminal cases in jurisdictions throughout the United States and abroad. His forensic consultant engagements include: for the Los Angeles County Coroner's Office in regard to the 1968 Robert F. Kennedy assassination, the 1969 Sharon Tate/LaBianca cases, and the 1974 Symbionese Liberation Army Deaths; for the Health Hospital, Panama Canal Zone as a member of the Special Expert Panel on American Legionnaires’ Disease (Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Centers for Disease Control) for the ABC network television show 20/20 in regard to the John F. Kennedy assassination (in 1976) and the death of Elvis Presley U.S. House of Representatives Select Committee on Assassinations, Forensic Pathology Panel for the 1991 film JFK the expert on the Jeffrey Locker case.[15] JFK assassination[edit] In 1978 he testified before the House Select Committee on Assassinations as the lone dissenter on a nine member forensic pathology panel re-examining the assassination of John F. Kennedy, which had concurred with the Warren Commission conclusions and single bullet theory. Out of the four official examinations into the Kennedy Assassination, Wecht is the only forensic pathologist who has disagreed with the conclusion that both the single bullet theory and Kennedy’s head wounds are mutually consistent.[16][17][18] Investigation into the death of Daniel Smith[edit] Wecht was hired by Callenders and Co, a Bahamian law firm, to do an independent autopsy on the body of Daniel Smith, the son of Anna Nicole Smith who died while visiting his mother in the Bahamas.[19] Wecht attested that Daniel Smith died as a result of the interaction of methadone, sertraline (Zoloft) and escitalopram (Lexapro).[20] The Cyril H. Wecht Institute of Forensic Science and Law[edit] This section of a biography of a living person does not include any references or sources. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living people that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately. (December 2010) In the fall of 2000, the Duquesne University School of Law established the Cyril H. Wecht Institute of Forensic Science and Law. The Institute offers graduate degree and professional certificate programs in forensic science to a diverse group of students spanning the disciplines of law, nursing, law enforcement, pharmacy, the health sciences, business, the environmental sciences and psychology. The Institute collaborates with the Duquesne University's schools of Law, Nursing, Natural and Environmental Sciences, Business, Pharmacy, and Liberal Arts, as well as with other academic institutions. Books[edit] Wecht has written numerous books, including Cause of Death (1993) Legal Medicine (1985) Exploring the Medical Malpractice Dilemma (1972) Political career[edit] Early years (1965-1985)[edit] This section of a biography of a living person does not include any references or sources. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living people that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately. (December 2010) In 1965, Wecht became Deputy Coroner of Allegheny County. Four years later he was elected Coroner of Allegheny County. Wecht served as coroner from 1970 to 1980. His initial departure from the office of Coroner was not met without controversy. Wecht did not resign as Coroner until January 9, two days after his swearing-in as Commissioner, as the law did not prohibit him from holding both the offices of Coroner and Commissioner.[21] He resigned under pressure from a variety of sources, including his predecessor as Coroner, Dr. Ralph Stalter, a Republican, and the administration of Governor Dick Thornburgh, also a Republican.[22] He initially recommended that Dr. Joshua Perper succeed him, and indeed Perper held the title of Acting Coroner until Thornburgh appointed Dr. Sanford Edburg to succeed Wecht. While Perper initially rejected the appointment as unconstitutional, the State Supreme Court upheld Thornburgh's right to appoint Edberg, who duly took over the office of Coroner on March 2, 1981.[23] In 1978, he was elected chairman of the Allegheny County Democratic Party. One year later, Wecht was elected to the Allegheny County Board of Commissioners. In 1982, he was the Democratic party's nominee to oppose freshman Senator John Heinz in bid for a second term; Heinz won the election with 59 percent of the vote. Wecht and fellow Democratic County Commissioner Tom Foerster were frequently at odds, and battled for control of the Democratic Party in Allegheny County, which Wecht chaired. Although the Democratic Committee rejected Foerster and endorsed Wecht for re-election as commissioner in 1983, the committee paired him with Sheriff Gene Coon, with whom he also had a longstanding political feud.[citation needed] Ultimately Foerster teamed up with former Pittsburgh Mayor Pete Flaherty, and the two defeated Wecht and Coon in the primary election for the two Democratic nominations. Wecht then lost the chairmanship of the county's Democratic Party in 1984 to Foerster's hand-picked candidate, Scott Township Tax Collector Ed Stevens. Wecht then sought to become chair of the Pennsylvania Democratic Party that same year, but was defeated by Ed Mezvinsky, a former Congressman from Iowa.[citation needed] Later years (1995-2006)[edit]I n 1995, Wecht, after 12 years out of public life, was again elected as Allegheny County's Coroner. In 1999, he ran for the newly created position of Allegheny County Chief Executive, defeating one-term minority County Commissioner Mike Dawida in the Democratic primary, but losing to prominent Republican businessman Jim Roddey in his first bid for elective public office. While serving as the county’s coroner, Wecht continued to operate a private forensic consulting business on the side known as Wecht Pathology Associates.[14] Wecht Pathology Associates charges clients for examining cases, conducting autopsies, and testifying in civil and criminal trials. In his official capacity as county coroner, Wecht continued to squabbled with DA Zappala, often over deaths that took place during encounters with police.[14] In the case that is the precursor to Wecht's federal prosecution, US vs. Wecht, Wecht ruled that Charles Dixon had been suffocated through positional asphyxiation during a 2002 encounter with police officers from Mount Oliver and Pittsburgh. When Wecht ruled the death of Dixon a homicide, DA Zappala refused to press charges against the officers. In response, Wecht, acting in his private capacity as an employee of Wecht Pathology Associates, wrote a medical opinion outlining the officers' alleged role in Dixon’s death which was utilized by Dixon's family in a civil suit against the county.[14] In response to Wecht's testimony in the Dixon case, Zappala accused Wecht of violating the federal Hobbs Act, which prohibits public officials from using their offices for private gain. In early 2005, Zappala launched an investigation into whether Wecht had been using county resources to carry out private work — allegations similar to those Wecht had faced before. By spring of 2005, FBI agents were seizing documents in Wecht's private and county offices.[14] Wecht continued to serve as Coroner until the position was eliminated in 2006. County Executive Dan Onorato named him as the county's first appointed Medical Examiner in 2006. By January 2006, a federal grand jury had indicted Wecht on 84 criminal counts, prompting Wecht to step down from his county post per an agreement he made when the investigation became public in 2004 that if indicted he would resign as county coroner.[14] Court cases[edit] Allegheny County criminal trial (1979-1981)[edit] Wecht's tenure as Allegheny County Coroner was not without controversy. While he was responsible for significant upgrades in the professionalism and technology of the coroner's office during his service in that office from 1970 to 1980, making the Allegheny County Coroner's office one of the best in the nation, Wecht's political career proved controversial due to his opinionated nature and as he put it his unwillingness to "run away from a fight.”[14] In 1979 Wecht was accused of performing autopsies for other counties at the county morgue and depositing the fees from these autopsies in his private business' bank account. Wecht responded that the funds in question had been used solely to upgrade the office and staff.[24] After a long investigation, Wecht was indicted on multiple criminal counts that charged Wecht with personally profiting from work at the coroner's office. Wecht allegedly transacted approximately $400,000 of his private business work using county facilities and the county morgue.[14][24] In the spring of 1981, the six week long criminal trial began. All charges were dismissed except for one, theft of services. Wecht was acquitted on the remaining charge.[14][24] The original judge at trial was censured by a judge's panel and some findings vacated due to judicial misconduct.[25] Wecht's attorneys alleged that he was a victim of a political conspiracy.[26] Allegheny County civil trial[edit] Although Wecht was acquitted in the criminal case, the County Controller levied a civil surcharge of $390,000 against him for mingling private and public work at the morgue. In 1983, a civil court ruled that Wecht owed the county $172,410. On appeal, the original award to the county was increased to $250,000. In 1992, the county and Wecht reached a settlement resulting in Wecht having to repay the county $200,000.[14][24] Federal criminal trial[edit] On January 28, 2008, a federal trial against Wecht began, on charges of public corruption. Roughly two weeks prior to the start of the trial proceedings, the prosecution sought to withdraw 43 of the 84 counts against Wecht; the judge dismissed those charges with prejudice.[27] Following trial the jury could not reach agreement on the remaining counts, and the judge declared a mistrial. The prosecution immediately announced that they planned to retry Wecht.[28] Public concerns were raised about the motivation and conduct of the prosecution before and after the trial.[29][30] Speculation arose that the prosecution of Wecht was politically motivated. Attorney General and Governor of Pennsylvania Dick Thornburgh, a defense lawyer for Wecht, testified before a house panel investigating the US Attorneys' Firing Scandal that Wecht was targeted politically.[31][32] Representative Mike Doyle and Representative John Conyers questioned the prosecution's tactics in the aftermath of the first trial and instituted Congressional hearings on the matter.[33] Op-eds in The Pittsburgh Post Gazette and the Pittsburgh Tribune Review called for dismissal of the proposed re-trial.[34] On April 12, 2008, 33 prominent leaders in the Pittsburgh community sent a letter to Attorney General Michael Mukasey and US Attorney Mary Beth Buchanan requesting that the prosecution dismiss the indictment against Wecht. Shortly after the press release of this letter, Senator Arlen Specter publicly recommended against a retrial for Wecht.[35] Former jurors stated to the press that they believed that the prosecution had been politically motivated.[36] On May 5, 2008, the Department of Justice's Office of Professional Responsibility (OPR) revealed that it initiated an investigation into the Wecht prosecution due to claims that the case was a "selective prosecution".[37] On May 14, 2009, the trial judge in the retrial excluded most of the evidence against Wecht because it was seized under illegal and improperly executed search warrant.[38] On June 2, 2009, U.S. Attorney Mary Beth Buchanan announced that her office would file a motion to dismiss all charges against Wecht.[39]...NAACP HIDES GENOCIDE FOR ORGANS, IN PITTSBURGH...LE-JIT FISHING KITE BELLEVUE 15202...Text 412-313-3080...A JITNEY FOR LIFE...4124711024 National Association for the Advancement of Colored People hides MASS GENOCIDE FOR ORGANS...MURDER FOR ORGANS UP ROCKEFELLER'S ASS...THE KITE RUNNER From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Page semi-protected National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Naacplogo.png Abbreviation NAACP Formation February 12, 1909 Purpose "To ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination." Headquarters Baltimore, Maryland Membership 300,000[1] Chairwoman Roslyn Brock President/CEO Cornell William Brooks Budget $27,624,433[2] Website naacp.org African American topics History[show] Culture[show] Religion[show] Political movements[show] Civic / economic groups[show] Sports[show] Ethnic subdivisions[show] Languages[show] Diaspora[show] Lists[show] Category: African American Portal icon African American portal v · t · e The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is an African-American civil rights organization in the United States, formed in 1909.[3] Its mission is "to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination".[4] Its name, retained in accordance with tradition, uses the once common term colored people. The NAACP bestows the annual Image Awards for achievement in the arts and entertainment, and the annual Spingarn Medals for outstanding positive achievement of any kind, on deserving black Americans. It has its headquarters in Baltimore, Maryland.[5] Contents [hide] 1 Organization 2 Predecessor: The Niagara Movement 3 History 3.1 Formation 3.2 Anti-lynching campaigns 3.3 Jim Crow and disfranchisement 3.4 Legal Defense Fund 3.5 Desegregation 3.6 The 1990s 3.7 Lee Alcorn controversy 3.8 George W. Bush 3.9 Tax exempt status 3.10 LGBT rights 4 Current activities 4.1 Youth 4.1.1 Youth & College Division 4.1.2 ACT-SO program 5 Criticism 6 See also 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External links 9.1 Archives Organization The NAACP's headquarters is in Baltimore, with additional regional offices in California, New York, Michigan, Colorado, Georgia, Texas and Maryland.[6] Each regional office is responsible for coordinating the efforts of state conferences in the states included in that region. Local, youth, and college chapters organize activities for individual members. In the U.S., the NAACP is administered by a 64-member board, led by a chairperson. The board elects one person as the president and one as chief executive officer for the organization; Benjamin Jealous is its most recent (and youngest) President, selected to replace Bruce S. Gordon, who resigned in March 2007. Civil Rights Movement activist and former Georgia State Senator Julian Bond was chairman until replaced in February 2010 by health-care administrator Roslyn Brock.[7] Departments within the NAACP govern areas of action. Local chapters are supported by the 'Branch and Field Services' department and the 'Youth and College' department. The 'Legal' department focuses on court cases of broad application to minorities, such as systematic discrimination in employment, government, or education. The Washington, D.C., bureau is responsible for lobbying the U.S. government, and the Education Department works to improve public education at the local, state and federal levels. The goal of the Health Division is to advance health care for minorities through public policy initiatives and education. As of 2007, the NAACP had approximately 425,000 paying and non-paying members.[8] In 2011, the NAACP teamed up with the digital repository ProQuest to digitize and host the NAACP's archives, which includes over 2 million pages of "internal memos, legal briefings and direct action summaries from national, legal and branch offices throughout the country — charts NAACP's work and delivers a first-hand view into crucial issues: lynching, school desegregation, and discrimination in the military, the criminal justice system, employment, and housing, among others."[9] Modules are being added on a continual basis, with the NAACP Papers: Special Subjects being released in March 2014.[10] Predecessor: The Niagara Movement In 1905, a group of thirty-two prominent African-American leaders met to discuss the challenges facing people of color and possible strategies and solutions. They were particularly concerned by the Southern states' disfranchisement of blacks starting with Mississippi's passage of a new constitution in 1890. Through the early 1900s, legislatures dominated by white Democrats ratified new constitutions and laws creating barriers to voter registration and more complex election rules. Black voter registration and turnout dropped markedly in the South as a result. Men who had been voting for thirty years in the South were told they did not "qualify" to register. Because hotels in the U.S. were segregated, the men convened in Canada at the Erie Beach Hotel[11] on the Canadian side of the Niagara River in Fort Erie, Ontario. As a result, the group came to be known as the Niagara Movement. A year later, three whites joined the group: journalist William E. Walling, social worker Mary White Ovington, and social worker Henry Moskowitz, then Associate Leader of the New York Society for Ethical Culture. They met in 1906 at Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, and in 1907 in Boston, Massachusetts.[12] The fledgling group struggled for a time with limited resources and internal conflict, and disbanded in 1910.[13] Seven of the members of the Niagara Movement joined the Board of Directors of the NAACP, founded in 1909.[12] Although both organizations shared membership and overlapped for a time, the Niagara Movement was a separate organization. Historically it is considered to have had a more radical platform than the NAACP. The Niagara Movement was formed exclusively by African Americans. The meeting that inspired the NAACP included three European Americans. History Crystal Clear app kedit.svg This section may need to be rewritten entirely to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. You can help. The discussion page may contain suggestions. (January 2012) See also: African-American–Jewish relations Formation Founders of the NAACP: Moorfield Storey, Mary White Ovington and W.E.B. Du Bois. The Race Riot of 1908 in Abraham Lincoln's hometown of Springfield, Illinois, had highlighted the urgent need for an effective civil rights organization in the U.S. This event is often cited as the catalyst for the formation of the NAACP. Mary White Ovington, journalist William English Walling and Henry Moskowitz met in New York City in January 1909 and the NAACP was born.[14] Solicitations for support went out to more than 60 prominent Americans, and a meeting date was set for February 12, 1909. This was intended to coincide with the 100th anniversary of the birth of President Abraham Lincoln, who emancipated enslaved African Americans. While the meeting did not take place until three months later, this date is often cited as the founding date of the organization. The NAACP was founded on February 12, 1909, by a diverse group composed of W. E. B. Du Bois, Ida B. Wells, Archibald Grimké, Henry Moskowitz, Mary White Ovington, Oswald Garrison Villard, William English Walling (the last son of a former slave-holding family),[14][15] Florence Kelley, a social reformer and friend of Du Bois,[16] and Charles Edward Russell, a renowned muckraker and close friend of Walling who helped plan the NAACP and served as acting chairman of the National Negro Committee (1909), a forerunner to the NAACP.[17] On May 30, 1909, the Niagara Movement conference took place at New York City's Henry Street Settlement House, from which an organization of more than 40 individuals emerged, calling itself the National Negro Committee. Du Bois played a key role in organizing the event and presided over the proceedings. Also in attendance was African-American journalist and anti-lynching crusader Ida B. Wells-Barnett. At its second conference on May 30, 1910, members chose as the organization's name the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and elected its first officers, who were:[18] National President, Moorfield Storey, Boston Chairman of the Executive Committee, William English Walling Treasurer, John E. Milholland (a Lincoln Republican and Presbyterian from New York City and Lewis, NY) Disbursing Treasurer, Oswald Garrison Villard Executive Secretary, Frances Blascoer Director of Publicity and Research, Dr. W. E. B. Du Bois. The NAACP was incorporated a year later in 1911. The association's charter delineated its mission: To promote equality of rights and to eradicate caste or race prejudice among the citizens of the United States; to advance the interest of colored citizens; to secure for them impartial suffrage; and to increase their opportunities for securing justice in the courts, education for the children, employment according to their ability and complete equality before law. The conference resulted in a more influential and diverse organization, where the leadership was predominantly white and heavily Jewish American. In fact, at its founding, the NAACP had only one African American on its executive board, Du Bois himself. It did not elect a black president until 1975, although executive directors had been African-American. The Jewish community contributed greatly to the NAACP's founding and continued financing. Jewish historian Howard Sachar writes in his book A History of Jews in America of how, "In 1914, Professor Emeritus Joel Spingarn of Columbia University became chairman of the NAACP and recruited for its board such Jewish leaders as Jacob Schiff, Jacob Billikopf, and Rabbi Stephen Wise."[19] Early Jewish-American co-founders included Julius Rosenwald, Lillian Wald, Rabbi Emil G. Hirsch and Wise. According to Pbs.org "Over the years Jews have also expressed empathy (capability to share and understand another's emotion and feelings) with the plight of Blacks. In the early 20th century, Jewish newspapers drew parallels between the Black movement out of the South and the Jews' escape from Egypt, pointing out that both Blacks and Jews lived in ghettos, and calling anti-Black riots in the South "pogroms". Stressing the similarities rather than the differences between the Jewish and Black experience in America, Jewish leaders emphasized the idea that both groups would benefit the more America moved toward a society of merit, free of religious, ethnic and racial restrictions."[20] Pbs.org further states, "The American Jewish Committee, the American Jewish Congress, and the Anti-Defamation League were central to the campaign against racial prejudice. Jews made substantial financial contributions to many civil rights organizations, including the NAACP, the Urban League, the Congress of Racial Equality, and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. About 50 percent of the civil rights attorneys in the South during the 1960s were Jews, as were over 50 percent of the Whites who went to Mississippi in 1964 to challenge Jim Crow Laws."[20] As a member of the Princeton chapter of the NAACP, Albert Einstein corresponded with Du Bois, and in 1946 Einstein called racism "America's worst disease".[21][22] Du Bois continued to play a pivotal role in the organization and served as editor of the association's magazine, The Crisis, which had a circulation of more than 30,000. Moorfield Storey, who was white, was the president of the NAACP from its founding to 1915. Storey was a long-time classical liberal and Grover Cleveland Democrat who advocated laissez-faire free markets, the gold standard, and anti-imperialism. Storey consistently and aggressively championed civil rights, not only for blacks but also for Native Americans and immigrants (he opposed immigration restrictions). Anti-lynching campaigns Wiki letter w.svg This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (February 2014) Jim Crow and disfranchisement An African American drinks out of a segregated water cooler designated for "colored" patrons in 1939 at a streetcar terminal in Oklahoma City. In its early years, the NAACP concentrated on using the courts to overturn the Jim Crow statutes that legalized racial segregation. In 1913, the NAACP organized opposition to President Woodrow Wilson's introduction of racial segregation into federal government policy, offices, and hiring. By 1914, the group had 6,000 members and 50 branches. It was influential in winning the right of African Americans to serve as officers in World War I. Six hundred African-American officers were commissioned and 700,000 men registered for the draft. The following year, the NAACP organized a nationwide protest, with marches in numerous cities, against D. W. Griffith's silent movie Birth of a Nation, a film that glamorized the Ku Klux Klan. As a result, several cities refused to allow the film to open. The NAACP began to lead lawsuits targeting disfranchisement and racial segregation early in its history. It played a significant part in the challenge of Guinn v. United States (1915) to Oklahoma's discriminatory grandfather clause that disfranchised most black citizens while exempting many whites from certain voter registration requirements. It persuaded the Supreme Court of the United States to rule in Buchanan v. Warley in 1917 that state and local governments cannot officially segregate African Americans into separate residential districts. The Court's opinion reflected the jurisprudence of property rights and freedom of contract as embodied in the earlier precedent it established in Lochner v. New York. In 1916, when the NAACP was just seven years old, chairman Joel Spingarn invited James Weldon Johnson to serve as field secretary. Johnson was a former U.S. consul to Venezuela and a noted scholar and columnist. Within four years, Johnson was instrumental in increasing the NAACP's membership from 9,000 to almost 90,000. In 1920, Johnson was elected head of the organization. Over the next ten years, the NAACP escalated its lobbying and litigation efforts, becoming internationally known for its advocacy of equal rights and equal protection for the "American Negro". The NAACP devoted much of its energy during the interwar years to fighting the lynching of blacks throughout the United States by working for legislation, lobbying and educating the public. The organization sent its field secretary Walter F. White to Phillips County, Arkansas, in October 1919, to investigate the Elaine Race Riot. More than 200 black tenant farmers were killed by roving white vigilantes and federal troops after a deputy sheriff's attack on a union meeting of sharecroppers left one white man dead. White published his report on the riot in the Chicago Daily News.[23] The NAACP organized the appeals for twelve black men sentenced to death a month later based on the fact that testimony used in their convictions was obtained by beatings and electric shocks. It gained a groundbreaking Supreme Court decision in Moore v. Dempsey 261 U.S. 86 (1923) that significantly expanded the Federal courts' oversight of the states' criminal justice systems in the years to come. White investigated eight race riots and 41 lynchings for the NAACP and directed its study Thirty Years of Lynching in the United States.[24] NAACP leaders Henry L. Moon, Roy Wilkins, Herbert Hill, and Thurgood Marshall in 1956. The NAACP also spent more than a decade seeking federal legislation against lynching, but Southern white Democrats voted as a block against it or used the filibuster in the Senate to block passage. Because of disfranchisement, there were no black representatives from the South in Congress. The NAACP regularly displayed a black flag stating "A Man Was Lynched Yesterday" from the window of its offices in New York to mark each lynching. In alliance with the American Federation of Labor, the NAACP led the successful fight to prevent the nomination of John Johnston Parker to the Supreme Court, based on his support for denying the vote to blacks and his anti-labor rulings. It organized support for the Scottsboro Boys. The NAACP lost most of the internecine battles with the Communist Party and International Labor Defense over the control of those cases and the strategy to be pursued in that case. The organization also brought litigation to challenge the "white primary" system in the South. Southern states had created white-only primaries as another way of barring blacks from the political process. Since southern states were dominated by the Democrats, the primaries were the only competitive contests. In 1944 in Smith v. Allwright, the Supreme Court ruled against the white primary. Although states had to retract legislation related to the white primaries, the legislatures soon came up with new methods to limit the franchise for blacks. Legal Defense Fund The board of directors of the NAACP created the Legal Defense Fund in 1939 specifically for tax purposes. It functioned as the NAACP legal department. Intimidated by the Department of the Treasury and the Internal Revenue Service, the Legal and Educational Defense Fund, Inc., became a separate legal entity in 1957, although it was clear that it was to operate in accordance with NAACP policy. After 1961 serious disputes emerged between the two organizations, creating considerable confusion in the eyes and minds of the public.[25] Desegregation Question book-new.svg This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2011) NAACP representatives E. Franklin Jackson and Stephen Gill Spottswood meeting with president Kennedy at the White House in 1961 With the rise of private corporate litigators like the NAACP to bear the expense, civil suits became the pattern in modern civil rights litigation. The NAACP's Legal department, headed by Charles Hamilton Houston and Thurgood Marshall, undertook a campaign spanning several decades to bring about the reversal of the "separate but equal" doctrine announced by the Supreme Court's decision in Plessy v. Ferguson. The NAACP's Baltimore chapter, under president Lillie Mae Carroll Jackson, challenged segregation in Maryland state professional schools by supporting the 1935 Murray v. Pearson case argued by Marshall. Houston's victory in Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada (1938) led to the formation of the NAACP Legal Defense fund in 1940. Locals viewing the bomb-damaged home of Arthur Shores, NAACP attorney, Birmingham, Alabama, on September 5, 1963. The bomb exploded on September 4th, the previous day, injuring Shores' wife. The campaign for desegregation culminated in a unanimous 1954 Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education that held state-sponsored segregation of elementary schools was unconstitutional. Bolstered by that victory, the NAACP pushed for full desegregation throughout the South. Starting on December 5, 1955, NAACP activists, including Edgar Nixon, its local president, and Rosa Parks, who had served as the chapter's Secretary, helped organize a bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama. This was designed to protest segregation on the city's buses, two-thirds of whose riders were black. The boycott lasted 381 days. The State of Alabama responded by effectively barring the NAACP from operating within its borders because of its refusal to divulge a list of its members. The NAACP feared members could be fired or face violent retaliation for their activities. Although the Supreme Court eventually overturned the state's action in NAACP v. Alabama, 357 U.S. 449 (1958), the NAACP lost its leadership role in the Civil Rights Movement while it was barred from Alabama. New organizations such as the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) rose up with different approaches to activism. These newer groups relied on direct action and mass mobilization to advance the rights of African Americans, rather than litigation and legislation. Roy Wilkins, NAACP's executive director, clashed repeatedly with Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and other civil rights leaders over questions of strategy and leadership within the movement. The NAACP continued to use the Supreme Court's decision in Brown to press for desegregation of schools and public facilities throughout the country. Daisy Bates, president of its Arkansas state chapter, spearheaded the campaign by the Little Rock Nine to integrate the public schools in Little Rock, Arkansas. By the mid-1960s, the NAACP had regained some of its preeminence in the Civil Rights Movement by pressing for civil rights legislation. The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom took place on August 28, 1963. That fall President John F. Kennedy sent a civil rights bill to Congress before he was assassinated. President Lyndon B. Johnson worked hard to persuade Congress to pass a civil rights bill aimed at ending racial discrimination in employment, education and public accommodations, and succeeded in gaining passage in July 1964. He followed that with passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which provided for protection of the franchise, with a role for federal oversight and administrators in places where voter turnout was historically low. After Kivie Kaplan died in 1975, scientist W. Montague Cobb became President of the NAACP and served until 1982. Benjamin Hooks, a lawyer and clergyman, was elected as the NAACP's executive director in 1977, after the retirement of Roy Wilkins. The 1990s In the 1990s, the NAACP ran into debt. The dismissal of two leading officials further added to the picture of an organization in deep crisis. In 1993 the NAACP's Board of Directors narrowly selected Reverend Benjamin Chavis over Reverend Jesse Jackson to fill the position of Executive Director. A controversial figure, Chavis was ousted eighteen months later by the same board that had hired him. They accused him of using NAACP funds for an out-of-court settlement in a sexual harassment lawsuit.[26] Following the dismissal of Chavis, Myrlie Evers-Williams narrowly defeated NAACP chairperson William Gibson for president in 1995, after Gibson was accused of overspending and mismanagement of the organization's funds. In 1996 Congressman Kweisi Mfume, a Democratic Congressman from Maryland and former head of the Congressional Black Caucus, was named the organization's president. Three years later strained finances forced the organization to drastically cut its staff, from 250 in 1992 to just fifty. In the second half of the 1990s, the organization restored its finances, permitting the NAACP National Voter Fund to launch a major get-out-the-vote offensive in the 2000 U.S. presidential elections. 10.5 million African Americans cast their ballots in the election. This was one million more than four years before,[26] and the NAACP's effort was credited by observers as playing a significant role in Democrat Al Gore's winning several states where the election was close, such as Pennsylvania and Michigan.[26] Lee Alcorn controversy During the 2000 Presidential election, Lee Alcorn, president of the Dallas NAACP branch, criticized Al Gore's selection of Senator Joe Lieberman for his Vice-Presidential candidate because Lieberman was Jewish. On a gospel talk radio show on station KHVN, Alcorn stated, "If we get a Jew person, then what I'm wondering is, I mean, what is this movement for, you know? Does it have anything to do with the failed peace talks?" ... "So I think we need to be very suspicious of any kind of partnerships between the Jews at that kind of level because we know that their interest primarily has to do with money and these kind of things."[27] NAACP President Kweisi Mfume immediately suspended Alcorn and condemned his remarks. Mfume stated, "I strongly condemn those remarks. I find them to be repulsive, anti-Semitic, anti-NAACP and anti-American. Mr. Alcorn does not speak for the NAACP, its board, its staff or its membership. We are proud of our long-standing relationship with the Jewish community and I personally will not tolerate statements that run counter to the history and beliefs of the NAACP in that regard."[27] Alcorn, who had been suspended three times in the previous five years for misconduct, subsequently resigned from the NAACP and started his own organization called the Coalition for the Advancement of Civil Rights. Alcorn criticized the NAACP, saying, "I can't support the leadership of the NAACP. Large amounts of money are being given to them by large corporations that I have a problem with."[27] Alcorn also said, "I cannot be bought. For this reason I gladly offer my resignation and my membership to the NAACP because I cannot work under these constraints."[28] Alcorn's remarks were also condemned by the Reverend Jesse Jackson, Jewish groups and George W. Bush's rival Republican presidential campaign. Jackson said he strongly supported Lieberman's addition to the Democratic ticket, saying, "When we live our faith, we live under the law. He [Lieberman] is a firewall of exemplary behavior."[27] Al Sharpton, another prominent African-American leader, said, "The appointment of Mr. Lieberman was to be welcomed as a positive step."[29] The leaders of the American Jewish Congress praised the NAACP for its quick response, stating that: "It will take more than one bigot like Alcorn to shake the sense of fellowship of American Jews with the NAACP and black America... Our common concerns are too urgent, our history too long, our connection too sturdy, to let anything like this disturb our relationship."[30] George W. Bush Louisiana NAACP leads Jena 6 March. In 2004, President George W. Bush (president from 2001–2009) declined an invitation to speak to its national convention.[31] The White House originally said the president had a schedule conflict with the NAACP convention,[32] slated for July 10–15, 2004. On July 10, 2004, however, Bush's spokesperson said that Bush had declined the invitation to speak to the NAACP because of harsh statements about him by its leaders.[32] In an interview, Bush said, "I would describe my relationship with the current leadership as basically nonexistent. You've heard the rhetoric and the names they've called me."[32] Bush also mentioned his admiration for some members of the NAACP and said he would seek to work with them "in other ways."[32] On July 20, 2006, Bush addressed the NAACP national convention. He made a bid for increasing support by African Americans for Republicans, in the midst of a midterm election.[33][34] Tax exempt status The Internal Revenue Service informed the NAACP in October 2004 that it was investigating its tax-exempt status based on Julian Bond's speech at its 2004 Convention in which he criticized President George W. Bush as well as other political figures.[35][36] In general, the US Internal Revenue Code prohibits organizations granted tax-exempt status from "directly or indirectly participating in, or intervening in, any political campaign on behalf of (or in opposition to) any candidate for elective public office."[37] The NAACP denounced the investigation as retaliation for its success in increasing the number of African Americans who vote.[35][38] In August 2006, the IRS investigation concluded with the agency's finding "that the remarks did not violate the group's tax-exempt status."[39] LGBT rights As the American LGBT rights movement gained steam after the Stonewall riots of 1969, the NAACP became increasingly affected by the movement to suppress or deny rights to lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people. Bond, while chairman of the NAACP, became an outspoken supporter of the rights of gays and lesbians, publicly stating his support for same-sex marriage. Most notably he boycotted the 2004 funeral services for Coretta Scott King on the grounds that the King children had chosen an anti-gay megachurch. This was in contradiction to their mother's longstanding support for the rights of gay and lesbian people.[40] In a 2005 speech in Richmond, Virginia, Bond stated: African Americans... were the only Americans who were enslaved for two centuries, but we were far from the only Americans suffering discrimination then and now.... Sexual disposition parallels race. I was born this way. I have no choice. I wouldn't change it if I could. Sexuality is unchangeable.[41] In a 2007 speech on the Martin Luther King Day Celebration at Clayton State University in Morrow, GA, Bond said, "If you don't like gay marriage, don't get gay married." His positions have pitted elements of the NAACP against religious groups in the Civil Rights Movement who oppose gay marriage mostly within the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) who was blamed partly for the success of the 2008 gay marriage ban amendment in California.[citation needed] The NAACP became increasingly vocal in opposition against state-level constitutional amendments to ban same-sex marriage and other rights, with state NAACP leaders such as William J. Barber, II of North Carolina participating actively against (the ultimately-successful) North Carolina Amendment 1 in 2012. On May 19, 2012, the NAACP's board of directors formally endorsed same-sex marriage as a civil right, voting 62-2 for the policy in a Miami, Florida quarterly meeting.[42][43] Benjamin Jealous, the organization's president, said of the decision, "Civil marriage is a civil right and a matter of civil law.... The NAACP's support for marriage equality is deeply rooted in the 14th Amendment of the United States Constitution and equal protection of all people." Possibly significant in the NAACP's vote was its concern with the HIV/AIDS crisis in the black community; while AIDS support organizations recommend that people live a monogamous lifestyle, the government did not recognize same-sex relationships.[44] As a result of the endorsement of same-sex marriage, Rev. Keith Ratliff Sr. of Des Moines, Iowa resigned from the NAACP board.[45] Current activities Benjamin Jealous, president of the NAACP from 2008 to 2013. Youth This aspect of the NAACP came into existence in 1936 and now is made of over 600 groups and totaling over 30,000 individuals. The NAACP Youth & College Division is a branch of the NAACP in which youth are actively involved. The Youth Council is composed of hundreds of state, county, high school and college operations where youth (and college students) volunteer to share their voices or opinions with their peers and address issues that are local and national. Sometimes volunteer work expands to a more international scale. Committing to the Youth Council may reward young people with travel opportunities or scholarships. In 2003, NAACP President and CEO, Kweisi Mfume, appointed Brandon Neal, the National Youth and College Division Director.[46] Currently, Stefanie L. Brown serves as the NAACP's National Youth & College Division Director. A graduate and former Student Government President at Howard University, Stefanie previously served as the National Youth Council Coordinator of the NAACP. Youth & College Division "The mission of the NAACP Youth & College Division shall be to inform youth of the problems affecting African Americans and other racial and ethnic minorities; to advance the economic, education, social and political status of African Americans and other racial and ethnic minorities and their harmonious cooperation with other peoples; to stimulate an appreciation of the African Diaspora and other people of color's contribution to civilization; and to develop an intelligent, militant effective youth leadership." ACT-SO program Since 1978 the NAACP has sponsored the Afro-Academic, Cultural, Technological and Scientific Olympics (ACT-SO) program for high school youth around the United States. The program is designed to recognize and award African American youth who demonstrate accomplishment in academics, technology, and the arts. Local chapters sponsor competitions in various categories of achievement for young people in grades 9–12. Winners of the local competitions are eligible to proceed to the national event at a convention held each summer at locations around the United States. Winners at the national competition receive national recognition along with cash awards and various prizes.[47] Criticism Main article: Resignation of Shirley Sherrod When right-wing media maven Andrew Breitbart publicized a maliciously edited video of a speech at a NAACP-sponsored Georgia event by USDA worker Shirley Sherrod, the mainstream press recycled his libel without properly vetting it, and the organization itself piled on without properly checking what had happened.[48] NAACP president and CEO has since apologized. See also Portal icon African American portal Association for the Study of African American Life and History Black Rock Coalition The Crisis NAACP Image Awards NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund NAACP Theatre Awards Niagara Movement Racial integration Resignation of Shirley Sherrod Spingarn Medal References 1.Jump up ^ naacp.org, 4 August 2011, "NAACP Passes Resolution Supporting Strong Clean Air Act". Accessed 8 December 2011. 2.Jump up ^ Charitynavigator.org 3.Jump up ^ Kwame Anthony Appiah, Henry Louis Gates, Jr., eds. Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience, in articles "Civil Rights Movement" by Patricia Sullivan (pp 441-455) and "National Association for the Advancement of Colored People" by Kate Tuttle (pp 1,388-1,391). ISBN 0-465-00071-1. 4.Jump up ^ "NAACP - Our Mission". Retrieved 2008-09-05.[dead link] 5.Jump up ^ "Contact Us". National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Retrieved November 17, 2009.[dead link] 6.Jump up ^ NAACP, "Youth and College - Advisor's Manual", p 9. 7.Jump up ^ Ian Urbina, "Health Executive Named Chairwoman of N.A.A.C.P.", The New York Times, February 21, 2010, p. 4. 8.Jump up ^ Texeira, Erin (March 5, 2007). "NAACP president to step down, cites discord with board". USA Today. Associated Press. Retrieved 2007-03-04. 9.Jump up ^ Dempsey, Beth. "NAACP Archives Go Digital". ProQuest. Retrieved 31 March 2014. 10.Jump up ^ "History Vault: 2014 Releases". March 27, 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2014. 11.Jump up ^ "Niagara Movement First Annual Meeting". Retrieved 2012-11-27. 12.^ Jump up to: a b "The story of the Niagara Movement and the N.A.A.C.P.". 13.Jump up ^ "Niagara Movement". W.E.B. DuBois Papers, Special Collections and University Archives W.E.B Du Bois Library, UMass, Amherst, MA. 14.^ Jump up to: a b "NAACP Timeline". National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. 15.Jump up ^ Simkin, John. "William English Walling biography". Spartacus Educational. 16.Jump up ^ Kathryn Kish Sklar, "Florence Kelley", in Rima Lunin Schultz and Adele Hast (eds), Women Building Chicago, 1790-1990: A Biographical Dictionary, Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 2001, p. 463. 17.Jump up ^ Library of Congress. "NAACP Founder Charles Edward Russell". Library of Congress. 18.Jump up ^ "NAACP - How NAACP Began". 19.Jump up ^ Howard Sachar. "Working to Extend America's Freedoms: Jewish involvement in the Civil Rights movement". Excerpt from A History of Jews in America, published by Vintage Books. MyJewishLearning.com. Retrieved 2009-02-04. 20.^ Jump up to: a b PBS.org 21.Jump up ^ Fred Jerome, Rodger Taylor (2006), Einstein on Race and Racism, Rutgers University Press, 2006. 22.Jump up ^ Warren Washington (2007), Odyssey in Climate Modeling, Global Warming, and Advising Five Presidents. 23.Jump up ^ Kenneth Robert Janken, Walter White: Mr. NAACP, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina, 2006, p.49 24.Jump up ^ Kenneth Robert Janken, Walter White: Mr. NAACP, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina, 2006, p.2 and 42 25.Jump up ^ Benjamin L. Hooks, "Birth and Separation of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund," Crisis 1979 86(6): 218-220. 0011-1422 26.^ Jump up to: a b c Marable, Manning (August 2002). "The NAACP's 93rd Convention: An Assessment (archived copy)" (PDF). Along the Color Line. Archived from the original on 2007-01-06. 27.^ Jump up to: a b c d "NAACP Leader Quits Under Fire". CBS News. August 9, 2000. 28.Jump up ^ "Bush campaign denounces Dallas NAACP comments on Lieberman". CNN. August 9, 2000. 29.Jump up ^ Duncan Campbell (August 10, 2000). "Black leader suspended for anti-semitic Lieberman slur". London: The Guardian. 30.Jump up ^ AJCongress on Statement by NAACP Chapter Director on Lieberman, American Jewish Congress (AJC), August 9, 2000. 31.Jump up ^ "Editorial: No mutual respect: Mr. Bush unwisely forgoes NAACP meeting". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. 2004-07-17. 32.^ Jump up to: a b c d Allen, Mike (2004-07-10). "Bush Criticizes NAACP's Leadership". The Washington Post. p. A05. 33.Jump up ^ "President Bush addresses the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People's (NAACP) national convention" (video). FORA.tv. 2006-07-20. 34.Jump up ^ Bush invokes civil rights in NAACP speech, Associated Press (reprinted by MSNBC.com), July 20, 2006. (retrieved on October 14, 2008). 35.^ Jump up to: a b Janofsky, Michael (2004-10-29). "Citing July Speech, I.R.S. Decides to Review N.A.A.C.P.". The New York Times. 36.Jump up ^ "NAACP chairman calls for Bush's ouster". CNN. 2004-07-13. 37.Jump up ^ "Election Year Activities and the Prohibition on Political Campaign Intervention for Section 501(c)(3) Organizations". Internal Revenue Service. February 2006. 38.Jump up ^ Anderson, Makebra M (2005-02-08). "NAACP says IRS has no "Legitimate" Claim". National Newspaper Publishers Association (Amsterdam News). 39.Jump up ^ Fears, Darryl (2006-09-01). "IRS Ends 2-Year Probe Of NAACP's Tax Status". The Washington Post. 40.Jump up ^ Black Voices Q&A 09/25/06 http://www.blackvoices.com/black_news/canvas_directory_headlines_features/_a/bv-qanda-with-julian-bond/20060908115409990002 41.Jump up ^ "NAACP chair says 'gay rights are civil rights'". Washington Blade. 2004-04-08. Archived from the original on March 21, 2006. Retrieved 2009-09-24. 42.Jump up ^ Michael Barbaro (May 19, 2012). "N.A.A.C.P. Endorses Same-Sex Marriage". The Caucus/The New York Times. 43.Jump up ^ "NAACP Passes Resolution in Support of Marriage Equality". NAACP. May 19, 2012. 44.Jump up ^ Castellanos, Dalina (May 19, 2012). "NAACP endorses same-sex marriage, says it's a civil right". Los Angeles Times. 45.Jump up ^ After NAACP's Gay Marriage Stance, Discord And Discussion. NPR (2012-06-08). Retrieved on 2014-05-24. 46.Jump up ^ Jet Magazine, April 2003 47.Jump up ^ "NAACP Proudly Announces 30th Anniversary ACT-SO Medalists". National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Retrieved 2009-01-31. 48.Jump up ^ Rich, Frank (May 28, 2012). "Post-Racial Farce". New York. Further reading Alexander, Shawn Leigh. An Army of Lions: The Civil Rights Struggle Before the NAACP. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012. Bynum, Thomas L. NAACP: Youth and the Fight for Black Freedom, 1936-1965. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 2013. Dalfiume, Richard. "The Forgotten Years of the Negro Revolution," Journal of American History 55 (June 1969): 99-100. fulltext in JSTOR Fleming, Cynthia Griggs. In the Shadow of Selma: The Continuing Struggle for Civil Rights in the Rural South. Rowman and Littlefield, 2004. Goings, Kenneth W. The NAACP Comes of Age: The Defeat of Judge John J. Parker. (1990). Hughes, Langston. Fight for Freedom: The Story of the NAACP. (1962) Janken, Kenneth Robert. White: The Biography of Walter White, Mr. NAACP. New York: The New Press, 2003. Jonas, Gilbert S. Freedom's Sword: The NAACP and the Struggle against Racism in America, 1909-1969. (Routledge, 2005). Lewis, David Levering. W.E.B. DuBois. In Two Volumes. (1994, 2001). Mosnier, L. Joseph. Crafting Law in the Second Reconstruction: Julius Chambers, the NAACP Legal Defense Fund, and Title VII. University of North Carolina, 2005. Ross, Barbara Joyce. J. E. Spingarn and the Rise of the NAACP, 1911-1939. (1972) Sartain, Lee. Borders of Equality: The NAACP and the Baltimore Civil Rights Struggle, 1914-1970. Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi, 2013. St. James, Warren D. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People: A Case Study in Pressure Groups. (1958) Schneider, Mark Robert. We Return Fighting: The Civil Rights Movement in the Jazz Age. (2001) Sullivan, Patricia. Lift Every Voice: The NAACP and the Making of the Civil Rights Movement. New York: The New Press, 2010. Topping, Simon; "'Supporting Our Friends and Defeating Our Enemies': Militancy and Nonpartisanship in the NAACP, 1936-1948," Journal of African American History, Vol. 89, 2004 in JSTOR Verney, Kevern and Lee Sartain, eds. Long Is the Way and Hard: One Hundred Years of the NAACP. (2009), 16 new essays by scholars Zangrando, Robert. The NAACP Crusade Against Lynching, 1909-1950. (1980) External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to NAACP. Wikisource has original text related to this article: Barack Obama's Remarks at NAACP centennial Official website Events on the NAACP timeline (1939 - Present), naacp.org Civil Rights Greensboro: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Civil Rights Movement Veterans, crmvet.org Youth College Mission, naacp.org Article and Video, The NAACP 100 Years On, governingdynamo.com Annual ACT-SO Contest, naacp-Los Angeles.org Official site of the Brooklyn, New York Branch, brooklynnaacp.org NAACP in Georgia, georgiaencyclopedia.org The Wichita NAACP Blog, wichitanaacpblog.com George W. Bush addresses NAACP national convention for the first time July 20, 2006 (Video) President Obama NAACP Speech: "Your Destiny Is In Your Hands ... No Excuses" - video by The Huffington Post NAACP Turns 100: The History and Future of the Nation's Oldest and Largest Civil Rights Organization, democracywow.org video FBI file on the NAACP Archives Niagara Movement Du Bois Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Umass Amherst National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Region 1 Photograph Collection, ca. 1940-1982 at The Bancroft Library National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Region I, Records, 1942-1986 (bulk 1945-1977) at The Bancroft Library National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Vancouver Branch records. 1914-1967. 2.10 cubic feet (5 boxes). At the Labor Archives of Washington, University of Washington Libraries Special Collections NAACP Convention in Atlanta, Civil Rights Digital Library. [show] v · t · e National Association for the Advancement of Colored People [show] v · t · e African-American Civil Rights Movement [show] v · t · e African American topics [show] v · t · e Racism Categories: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Nonpartisan organizations in the United States Organizations based in Baltimore, Maryland 1909 establishments in the United States Organizations established in 1909 Navigation menu Create account Log in Article Talk Read View source View history Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Wikimedia Shop Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact page Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Wikidata item Cite this page Print/export Create a book Download as PDF Printable version Languages Čeština Cymraeg Deutsch Español Euskara Français Galego 한국어 हिन्दी Hrvatski Íslenska Italiano Lëtzebuergesch Magyar Македонски Nederlands 日本語 Norsk bokmål Polski Português Русский Simple English Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska தமிழ் 中文 Edit links This page was last modified on 10 January 2015, at 23:48. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers Contact Wikipedia Developers Mobile view Address: 2203 Wylie Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 Phone:(412) 471-1024</p> _________________________________________ Biography of the Most Reverend David A. Zubik, DD Bishop David A. Zubik was born September 4, 1949, in Sewickley, Pennsylvania, to Stanley and the late Susan (Raskosky) Zubik. He attended Saint Stanislaus Elementary School and Saint Veronica High School, both in Ambridge, before entering Saint Paul Seminary in Pittsburgh. He received an undergraduate degree at Duquesne University in 1971 and went on to study at Saint Mary Seminary and University in Baltimore, Maryland, where he earned a degree in theology in 1975. Bishop Zubik was ordained a priest on May 3, 1975, by Bishop Vincent M. Leonard at Saint Paul Cathedral in Pittsburgh. Bishop Zubik served as Parochial Vicar of Sacred Heart Parish, Shadyside, until 1980. He was then assigned as Vice Principal of Quigley Catholic High School in Baden as well as Chaplain to the Sisters of Saint Joseph Motherhouse and Chaplain to the students at Mount Gallitzin Academy. At the same time, he began graduate studies at Duquesne University where he earned a master’s degree in education administration in 1982. He served in the role of adjunct spiritual director at Saint Paul Seminary from 1984 through 1991 and associate spiritual director at Saint Vincent Seminary, Latrobe, from 1989 through 1996. In 1987, Bishop Zubik was appointed Administrative Secretary to then-Pittsburgh Bishop Anthony J. Bevilacqua. In 1988, he was appointed Administrative Secretary and Master of Ceremonies to then-Pittsburgh Bishop Donald W. Wuerl (now Cardinal Archbishop of Washington, DC), where he served until 1991, when he began his service as Director of Clergy Personnel. In 1995, he was named Associate General Secretary and Chancellor of the Diocese of Pittsburgh, and on January 1, 1996, became Vicar General and General Secretary—a position in which he served until his appointment to the Diocese of Green Bay. Bishop Zubik was consecrated a bishop on April 6, 1997, at Saint Paul Cathedral and was appointed auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Pittsburgh. On October 10, 2003, the Holy Father, Pope John Paul II, named the Most Reverend David A. Zubik as the Eleventh Bishop of the Diocese of Green Bay. Bishop Zubik was installed as Bishop on December 12, 2003. On July 18, 2007, he was named by Pope Benedict XVI as the Twelfth Bishop of Pittsburgh. He was installed at Saint Paul Cathedral in Pittsburgh on September 28, 2007. Bishop Zubik currently serves on the following committees: •USCCB Catholic Communications Campaign Subcommittee •USCCB Protection of Children and Young People Committee •Catholic-Jewish Dialogue of the USCCB •Board of Trustees, Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception, Washington, DC •Chairman, Pilgrimage Committee •Board of Trustees, The Papal Foundation •Board of Trustees, Saint Mary’s Seminary and University, Baltimore, MD •Board of Regents, Saint Vincent Seminary, Latrobe, PA •Chairman, Committee on Priestly Formation •Episcopal Advisory Board, Catholic Athletes for Christ •Episcopal Advisory Board, Catholic Education Foundation •Episcopal Advisory Board, Catholic Leadership Institute •Board of Directors, Sister Thea Bowman Foundation •Advisory Board, Angels’ Place •Board of Directors, Building United of Southwest Pennsylvania •Vice Chair, Council, Christian Associates of Southwest Pennsylvania •Advisory Board, National Catholic Center for Holocaust Education, Seton Hill University, Greensburg, PA •Cabinet, Southwestern Pennsylvania Food Security Partnership •Board of Directors, United Way of Greater Pittsburgh •Board of Directors, Urban League of Pittsburgh In addition, Bishop Zubik serves as … •Episcopal Liaison, Catholic Charities USA •Episcopal Moderator, Catholic Purchasing Services •Episcopal Chair, Ladies of Charity of the USA •Episcopal Liaison, National Association of Church Personnel Administrators ___________________________________________________________________

RITAREVOLUTION

LE-JIT BELLEVUE DELIVERY...Text 412-313-3080

319

HUFFINGTON POST says 1 in 5 HEALTHY AMERICANS

will be Morphine-murdered, after fabricated brain-death,

for organs...Fabricated brain-death is created by fraudulent

LIFE-SUPPORT (tracheostomy/ventilator/hyperventilation)

and/or DRUGS (Propofol/paralytics/anti-seizures/infections).

BRING WPAHS TO JUSTICE NOW... (MEDICAL RECORDS)

AFRAID to ask KDKA's Neurologist, Dr. MARIA SIMBRA?

Without KDKA's covering up HIGHMARK murder-for-organs

(using white-collar-crime Burns, White, & Hickton LLC),

since at least 1987,

my wife's 222-day 911 terror by WPAHS/HUSSAINI

COULD NEVER HAVE HAPPENED.

Dr Syed Rasheedullah Hussaini's picture disappeared

from the INTERNET, and he's not been listed as a physician

for WPAHS (Syed's worked for AGH for 30 some years straight)

SINCE RITA'S 2/01/11 TILL 9/10/11 24/7 terrorist murder

by the WEST PENN ALLEGHENY HEALTH SYSTEM.

TO THE WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA MAFIA...

Valeriano, Baser, Mancini, Hussaini, Cattaneo, Balaan,

Singh, Herb, Ward, Zaiser, Rana, Hoyt, Bigdeli, and Monah,

made complete fools of you by crossing your own

code of ethics, by torturing a healthy, fully conscious,

loving 53 year old mother 24/7 for 222 straight days, which

always ends in a scam Morphine-overdose, whether you

get the $500,000 set of organs or not...I'm sure you

didn't realize the hideous terror Hussaini was performing

on Rita Conley (until it was too late), but you need

to make it right with my family, and also with the Pope.

TELL YOUR PUPPET HICKTON WHAT TO DO, because

David doesn't know whether to shit or whistle Dixie.

Pick a medical scam...any scam below:

***********************************

***********************************

***********************************

***********************************

***********************************